Hervé Lefebvre is Head of Market and energy efficiency services to ADEME (Agency for Environment and Energy Management). It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of light bulbs.
Part of incandescent bulbs is now off the market.
What impact is expected from this first step towards the complete withdrawal of traditional bulbs?
The share of 100-watt bulbs on the market is marginal, the bulk being made up by the lamps 60 and 75 watts. But it gives a signal.
A schedule is planned for the following: loss of 75 W bulbs in December and ending with those of 25 W December 31, 2012.
This decision is not following a regulation, but a voluntary agreement between the teachers providing the majority of sales, represented by the Federation of Commercial and distribution (FCD) and DIY stores, with Department of Ecology. The withdrawal
anticipates European regulations, which come into force on 1 September and will target 100 W incandescent bulbs, but halogens over 75 W class D and E, and compact fluorescent lights (low consumption) Class B.
An economy that equate to a nuclear reactor.
In 2016, the replacement of incandescent "low consolidated" will save up to 9 terawatt-hour * in France (6 TWh for the residential sector), the production of a nuclear reactor.
Because these bulbs consume four to five times less energy, an average saving of 33 euros per year per family.
But if they last up to eight times longer, they cost ten times more expensive.
Is it a handicap to their takeoff?
In 2007, 69% of households had at least one energy-saving lamp, and they have averaged between five and eight per household. So people have joined, while the "incandescent" are not yet withdrawn from the market.
That said, we find that the price of compact fluorescent lamps is now no justification.
Prices range from 2 to 18 euros, and there are everything on the market because there are no quality standards.
brand products cost 12 euros on average, those private label 7 or 8 euros.
But the cost of production is about 1.50 euros.
We believe that a reasonable cost would be around 5 euros.
industrialists will be forced to lower their prices to avoid being taken market share from new importers.
For now, they reap the maximum return on investment to continue to do research, especially on the LED (light emitting diodes).
LEDs will they be replaced quickly compact fluorescent lamps?
We are already on the market, with prices 15 to 45 euros, but some are of poor quality and do not work because there is still no standardization in their ability photometric.
ADEME supports research activities on these lighting solutions, but does not communicate on the subject, until the quality benchmarks are developed on the LEDs.
The market should be structured in two or three years for the professional sector, and five years for residential.
Some also criticize the low-energy lamps ability lighting, a little pale ...
80% of world production is manufactured in China, which adapts to global demand, more focused on cold colors, and has no dedicated production for France, where it prefers warm colors.
But we will soon choose its color temperature, and therefore choose between a light cold or hot, as from 1 September 2010 this number shall be binding on the packaging of the lamps.
Mercury and electromagnetic fields
The fluorescent Have adverse effects on health? They contain
Mercury - unlike incandescent bulbs, but like all fluorescent tubes - and are therefore classified as hazardous waste.
But it is a problem became an advantage. While incandescent lamps are thrown into all-comers, a recycling has been developed for CFLs.
They may be related to the point of sale, and 93% of their weight is recyclable.
The question of their electromagnetic field poses more difficulty because we have no data, but the second half of 2009, we will launch a campaign of measurements on the basis of a protocol defined by Afsset (Agency Health Safety Environment).
As for their impact on health, there is only a study of the European Commission, which said, in a somewhat ambiguous, as the lamps are low consolidated no adverse effect on those already ill.
But there is no analysis of impact on people in good health.
difficult in these circumstances to issue recommendations, and expected results of the measurement campaign.
From our Paris office
Interview by Simon Bartholomew.
Part of incandescent bulbs is now off the market.
What impact is expected from this first step towards the complete withdrawal of traditional bulbs?
The share of 100-watt bulbs on the market is marginal, the bulk being made up by the lamps 60 and 75 watts. But it gives a signal.
A schedule is planned for the following: loss of 75 W bulbs in December and ending with those of 25 W December 31, 2012.
This decision is not following a regulation, but a voluntary agreement between the teachers providing the majority of sales, represented by the Federation of Commercial and distribution (FCD) and DIY stores, with Department of Ecology. The withdrawal
anticipates European regulations, which come into force on 1 September and will target 100 W incandescent bulbs, but halogens over 75 W class D and E, and compact fluorescent lights (low consumption) Class B.
An economy that equate to a nuclear reactor.
In 2016, the replacement of incandescent "low consolidated" will save up to 9 terawatt-hour * in France (6 TWh for the residential sector), the production of a nuclear reactor.
Because these bulbs consume four to five times less energy, an average saving of 33 euros per year per family.
But if they last up to eight times longer, they cost ten times more expensive.
Is it a handicap to their takeoff?
In 2007, 69% of households had at least one energy-saving lamp, and they have averaged between five and eight per household. So people have joined, while the "incandescent" are not yet withdrawn from the market.
That said, we find that the price of compact fluorescent lamps is now no justification.
Prices range from 2 to 18 euros, and there are everything on the market because there are no quality standards.
brand products cost 12 euros on average, those private label 7 or 8 euros.
But the cost of production is about 1.50 euros.
We believe that a reasonable cost would be around 5 euros.
industrialists will be forced to lower their prices to avoid being taken market share from new importers.
For now, they reap the maximum return on investment to continue to do research, especially on the LED (light emitting diodes).
LEDs will they be replaced quickly compact fluorescent lamps?
We are already on the market, with prices 15 to 45 euros, but some are of poor quality and do not work because there is still no standardization in their ability photometric.
ADEME supports research activities on these lighting solutions, but does not communicate on the subject, until the quality benchmarks are developed on the LEDs.
The market should be structured in two or three years for the professional sector, and five years for residential.
Some also criticize the low-energy lamps ability lighting, a little pale ...
80% of world production is manufactured in China, which adapts to global demand, more focused on cold colors, and has no dedicated production for France, where it prefers warm colors.
But we will soon choose its color temperature, and therefore choose between a light cold or hot, as from 1 September 2010 this number shall be binding on the packaging of the lamps.
Mercury and electromagnetic fields
The fluorescent Have adverse effects on health? They contain
Mercury - unlike incandescent bulbs, but like all fluorescent tubes - and are therefore classified as hazardous waste.
But it is a problem became an advantage. While incandescent lamps are thrown into all-comers, a recycling has been developed for CFLs.
They may be related to the point of sale, and 93% of their weight is recyclable.
The question of their electromagnetic field poses more difficulty because we have no data, but the second half of 2009, we will launch a campaign of measurements on the basis of a protocol defined by Afsset (Agency Health Safety Environment).
As for their impact on health, there is only a study of the European Commission, which said, in a somewhat ambiguous, as the lamps are low consolidated no adverse effect on those already ill.
But there is no analysis of impact on people in good health.
difficult in these circumstances to issue recommendations, and expected results of the measurement campaign.
From our Paris office
Interview by Simon Bartholomew.
_______________________________________
Disadvantages level environmental
The presence of fluorescent powder and mercury in the tube, not hazardous in use, because these lamps are a hazardous waste ecologically requiring special disposal .
recovery services now exist but are sometimes unknown to the general public, which should bring the old pipes to resellers.
In France, recovery services are implemented by the agency Recyclum: sellers include all the fluorescent (compact or tube) and diodes.
note, fluorescents have a number of switch cycles limited (now shown on the box), which makes them unattractive for traffic areas: corridor, toilets etc.. Many
light up only gradually (they reach their full brightness after more or less a minute), but ranges to develop immediate ignition.
Because it contains an average of 5mg of mercury, the CFL is considered a hazardous waste.
The Environmental Protection Agency U.S. (EPA) estimates that 800 million fluorescent lamps are discarded each year, causing the mercury contamination of 81 000 km ² water.
It is now forbidden to throw these bulbs in household garbage. European WEEE regulation requires distributors to take over the old light bulbs when he buys a new one (note: only the bulbs and, in general, other than filament lamps are concerned. Bulbs classic should they follow the path of garbage). We may also file these lamps in a dump, if it accepts them. Eco-body Recylum only structure approved in France, then take care of collecting and recycling lamps low consommation.Il responsible for industrial members, removal and recycling of lamps collected selectively throughout the national territory (including overseas). Some cities, has long been proposed besides regular collections of household toxic products, which include these bulbs.
For the balance of these bulbs is positive, they should recycle, and buy quality products (avoid models manufactured in Asian countries in environmental and social conditions rather mediocre).
Furthermore the impact of lighting in particular on the overall power consumption in lighting a country that is 10 to 20%, while the tertiary sector is the largest consumer of electricity for lighting and that it (shops or offices) have increasingly preferred halogen lighting, fluorescence with bad press.
As for the impact of lighting in particular on the overall power consumption in all sectors (lighting, rail, general industry and aluminum in particular) is minimal.
lighting in private accounts for 14% of their electricity consumption with fluorescents, we can divide this share by 5, and more using diodes (1-5 W, for multiple light points already very efficient).
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